Anorectal melanoma

PURPOSE: Operative management of patients with anorectal melanoma is controversial. To formulate a rational approach to patients with this disease, we reviewed our experience from 1929 to 1993. METHODS: Records of all patients treated at our center with anorectal melanoma from 1929 to the present were reviewed. Survival analyses were graphically displayed using the Kaplan-Meier productlimit method, and distributions were compared using the log-rank test. Fisher's exact test was used to compare groups with small sample sizes. RESULTS: Survival for the entire group (n = 85) was poor, 17 percent at 5 years (median, 19 months). Among the 71 patients with resectable disease, the five-year, disease-free survival distribution of patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) was more favorable than that of patients who underwent local procedures only, although this was not statistically significant (27 percentvs.5 percent, APR vs. local procedures, respectively;P=0.11). However, those who had an APR were more likely to survive long term than those who did not (P<0.05). All ten long-term survivors were women. Nine had undergone APR, and one had a wide local excision. Of the nine survivors following APR, eight had negative and one had positive mesenteric nodes. Median size of the primary tumor in survivors following APR was 2.5 cm, compared with 4.0 cm for patients who did not survive long term following APR. CONCLUSIONS: APR should be considered in patients with localized anorectal melanoma, particularly those with smaller tumors and no evidence of nodal metastases. Supported by a Richard Molin Foundation Award to Dr. Mary S. Brady.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Orlando, Florida, May 8 to 13, 1994.     

L1爆裂骨折并发单纯圆锥损伤患者术后膀胱功能的相关因素

目的探讨影响L1爆裂骨折所致单纯脊髓圆锥损伤患者术后膀胱功能改善的相关因素。方法对618例L1爆裂骨折中并发单纯圆锥损伤的25例患者进行回顾性分析。结果术前鞍区感觉减退患者膀胱功能恢复率明显高于鞍区感觉消失患者(P<0.01);2周内和2周后手术对膀胱功能恢复无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论术前鞍区感觉与膀胱功能恢复有关。     

直肠癌低位前切除术后肛门直肠功能变化的研究

目的研究直肠癌低位前切除术对患者肛门直肠结构及功能的影响。方法对36例直肠癌患者,进行低位前切除术后3个月、6个月、1年的直肠肛门压力测定,并与术前作对比,记录术后控便能力的变化情况。结果术后3个月,15例患者排气不能自制,9例患者排液性便不能自制,直至术后1年上述患者的肛门自制功能才恢复正常。肛门直肠压力测定结果:术后3、6个月肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压、肛管最大收缩时间均较术前明显降低(P<0.05)。术后12个月肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压、肛管最大收缩时间与术前相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论直肠癌低位前切除术后,患者的肛门直肠结构发生了明显变化,从而导致术后患者的控制排便功能下降。     

Revised morphology and hemodynamics of the anorectal vascular plexus: impact on the course of hemorrhoidal disease

Purpose  The pathogenesis of hemorrhoidal disease is based mainly on the vascular hyperplasia theory. The aim of this study was to reassess the morphology and the functional mechanisms of the anorectal vascular plexus with regard to hemorrhoidal disease. Materials and methods  The anorectal vascular plexus was investigated in 17 anorectal and five hemorrhoidectomy specimens by means of conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Vascular corrosion casts from two fresh rectal specimens were used for scanning electron microscopy. Transperineal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) with spectral wave analysis (SWA) was performed in 38 patients with hemorrhoidal disease and 20 healthy volunteers. Results  The anorectal vascular plexus was characterized by a network of submucosal vessels exhibiting multiple thickened venous vessels separated by distinct sphincter-like constrictions. CDUS and SWA showed significant flow differences in peak velocities (6.8 ± 1.3 cm/s vs. 10.7 ± 1.5 cm/s; P = 0.026) and acceleration velocities (51 ± 4 ms vs. 94 ± 11 ms; P = 0.001) of afferent vessels between the control group and patients with hemorrhoidal disease. Conclusions  Coordinated filling and drainage of the anorectal vascular plexus is regulated by intrinsic vascular sphincter mechanisms. Both morphological and functional failure of this vascular system may contribute to the development of hemorrhoidal disease.     

糖尿病患者的自主神经功能及其对肛管直肠动力的影响

目的 了解糖尿病患者的自主神经功能及其对肛管直肠运动的影响.方法 对26例糖尿病患者和15名健康志愿者分别行自主神经功能测定(标准心血管反射试验)和肛管直肠压力测定.结果 糖尿病自主神经功能异常者占95%,其交感、副交感和自主神经功能计分均显著高于健康对照组,副交感神经功能受损更为明显.肛管直肠压力测定显示直肠静息压、肛管静息压及肛管最大自主收缩压降低,肛管直肠协调功能障碍,直肠敏感性降低.结论 糖尿病患者有明显的自主神经功能异常,其中副交感神经功能受损更为明显,且存在肛管直肠动力障碍.糖尿病患者肛管直肠动力障碍与自主神经功能受损有关.     

三维扫描定制压力袜结合康复训练对老年患者下肢水肿的疗效观察

目的:评价三维扫描定制压力袜、传统市售医用压力袜在老年下肢水肿患者中的康复疗效。方法:将60例老年下肢水肿患者按随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,两组患者均予常规康复治疗(包括手法牵拉肌肉、向心性肢体按摩、无痛范围内关节活动等训练)。对照组在常规康复基础上患肢穿戴市售批量生产传统医用压力袜,观察组在常规康复基础上穿戴三维扫描定制梯级压力袜,每天均穿戴16h。于治疗前、治疗3d、7d、14d、28d时分别采用圆桶溢水测量法测患肢下肢体积、采用Biomaster评估系统测关节活动度、语义差异标尺法评测压力舒适性。结果:①观察组在治疗7d、14d、28d时患肢体积减少值与对照组相比有明显差异(P0.01),观察组随治疗时间延长患肢体积减少值依次增加(P0.05),对照组不同治疗时间点间无明显差异(P0.05);②观察组在治疗7d、14d、28d时患肢踝关节被动背屈活动度增加值与对照组相比有明显差异(P0.05—0.001),观察组在治疗14d、28d时患肢踝关节被动跖屈活动度增加差值与对照组相比有明显差异(P0.001),观察组随治疗时间延长患肢踝关节背屈和跖屈被动活动度增加值依次升高(P0.001),对照组不同治疗时间点间无明显差异(P0.05);③观察组在治疗7d、14d、28d时压迫感评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),在治疗3d、7d、14d、28d时舒适感评分高于对照组(P0.001)。对照组随治疗时间延长压迫感和舒适度均依次降低(P0.05),观察组不同时间点间无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:三维扫描定制梯级压力袜能持续作用于水肿肢体,减轻下肢水肿的同时改善关节活动度,舒适安全有效。     

Duration-dependent growth of N1m for speech-modulated bone-conducted ultrasound

Bone-conducted ultrasound (BCU) modulated by speech sound is recognized as speech sound and activates the auditory cortex similar to audible sound. To investigate the mechanisms of perception, the effects of stimulus duration on N1m were compared among air-conducted audible speech sound (AC speech), AC speech with carrier BCU and speech-modulated BCU in eight native Japanese with normal hearing. The Japanese vowel sound /a/ was used as a stimulus with durations of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 60 ms. Comparison between AC speech with and without carrier showed that the presentation of carrier had no effect on N1m evoked by AC speech. Comparison among the three conditions showed that N1m amplitude for speech-modulated BCU differed from that for the two AC speeches. Moreover, N1m amplitude growth saturated at 40 ms for speech-modulated BCU, and at 20 ms for two AC speeches. These results suggest a difference in temporal integration of N1m between speech-modulated BCU and AC speech. Considering these results, it is reasonable to conclude that N1m evoked by speech-modulated BCU is influenced mainly by the ultrasonic component rather than demodulated audible sound. Given this finding, the notion needs to be considered that the mechanisms underlying perception and recognition of speech-modulated BCU depend on the ultrasonic component to some extent.     

引流加肛管直肠黏膜固化治疗肛周脓肿的临床观察

为探讨引流加肛管直肠黏膜固化治疗肛周脓肿的临床疗效,回顾分析采用引流加肛管直肠黏膜固化治疗（治疗组,120例）或单纯引流治疗（对照组,60例）的肛周脓肿患者资料,对比分析两组患者疗效。结果显示,治疗组平均治疗操作时间为（10．0±2．6）min,2h微痛,平均治愈时间为（6．0±1．3）d,治愈率为100％,无并发症,近期未见无效及肛瘘形成者。随访1年,成功随访65例,未见无效、复发、肛瘘形成及有后遗症者。对照组治愈时间（19．0±2．7）d。两组治愈时间比较差异具有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结果表明,引流加肛管直肠黏膜固化治疗肛周脓肿操作简单、疗程短、治愈率高、无复发及肛瘘形成、患者痛苦小,值得临床推广。     

帕瑞昔布钠与舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后镇痛的应用

为比较帕瑞昔布钠和舒芬太尼联合应用与单纯应用舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后的镇痛效果和不良反应,将肛肠病术后病人120例随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和对照组各60例。手术结束时帕瑞昔布钠组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg和舒芬太尼1．00pg／ml行静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,12h后帕瑞昔布钠组再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg;对照组单纯应用舒芬太尼1．50μg／ml行PCIA。观察两组病人术后2,4,6,12h和24h的疼痛强度（VAS评分）、镇痛的补救以及不良反应的发生率。结果显示,与对照组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后舒芬太尼用最减少,不良反应发生率降低,术后24h镇痛满意度明显提高（P〈0．05）,而两组12h和24h VAS评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,肛肠病术后静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠可减少术后舒芬太尼的用量,提高病人术后镇痛效果。     

肛肠病术后硫酸镁溶液熏洗坐浴的效果观察及护理

为观察硫酸镁溶液熏洗坐浴对肛肠病术后患者的疗效及护理体会,将352例肛肠病术后患者随机分为两组,对照组采用常规治疗方法加1：5000PP液坐浴,治疗组采用常规治疗方法加硫酸镁溶液熏洗坐浴并配合相应护理。结果显示,治疗组总有效率96．0％,对照组总有效率83．0％（P〈0．01）。结果表明,硫酸镁溶液熏洗坐浴时肛肠病术后有较好的疗效,良好的护理可提高治疗效果。